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18.09.2009; 25.09.2009
Massacre of the Innocents. History textbooks, for which the Ministry of Education zombiruet our children, can only be called blatant forgery and hack
Heritage Repin. By the logic of the Ministry of Education, the Cossacks to be Turks, because they wrote a letter … Turkish Sultan
I had read many textbooks of history: pre-revolutionary Russian, which the students learned Kiev, Soviet, American, Polish – all, perhaps, not less than a hundred. Many of them have in my library. According to some I taught. For example, a thick illustrated volume “History of the American nation, which shtudiruyut students in the US, I liked intelligibly and lack of unnecessary details.
He came into my hands, when in the early 90’s I worked as a tutor in the American family. My then-student was the same as today, my daughter – thirteen. Comparing what stuffed it in our 8 th grade, with the sound of the American program, sincerely sympathize with her. Never would I do not want to “form” of history textbooks, which runs schools Ukrainian Ministry of Education. They are able to recapture not only the love of the subject, but also respect for human thought in general.
Unfortunately, history has always been the most ideologically from the humanities, that is hardly her favor. Any State seeking to raise with the help of “proper” citizens. Therefore, in imperial Russia and Austria on the lessons of history students are taught to respect the monarchy. In the Soviet Union after the revolution, history in general was expelled from the school course of seventeen years – old was banned, a new not yet invented. Then he realized it, having grown almost two generations of ignorant. There was a ruling People’s Commissars “On the teaching of civic history in the schools of the USSR on May 16, 1934, sparking a heated approval is not quite dead intellectuals. Ilf and Petrov even satirical piece on the subject published, happy epiphany leaders. It pope asked his son: “Who was Catherine the Great?” And he could only reply: “Product”. “As a product?” – Indignant father. A son mumbled: “I’ll remember. We have worked … Aha! Product of the era of the growing influence of commercial capital “…” You tell me who she was? – Would not let Dad. – Position held what? “” That we do not haul “- could only answer a Soviet schoolboy, whose childhood occurred in the era of Trotskyism.
Now in Ukrainian schools is approximately the same anecdotes. For several years, I conduct a simple test: invite friends high school students to answer, what is depicted on hetman pyatigrivennoy banknote? Many do not know. Replied that he Khmelnytsky and Mazepa. Apparently, they cool head “zamazepili”!
But the Ukrainian Ministry of Education went further Soviet experimenters in dissecting the mysterious phenomena of the past. In the body of events, non-existent, and now not only cut off members and throw them in a landfill, but also, and casteth new, rename the deceased, supplying false documents and then trying to pass for a living. In the stagnant Soviet Union in the history books tried to lie subtly, not finishing. In Ukrainian – the era of “Square” – lie roughly as fat Shmatko cut, not caring whether it will fit in your mouth. This write clear meaninglessness.
Away from reality. In Ukrainian history textbooks as well overgrown with myths, as Taras Shevchenko in this picture
For example, published in this year’s textbook for the 9 th class of a Strukevicha (Kiev, Publishing House “message”), said: “Taras Shevchenko jak artist completing romantic period … His Way in the arts – characteristic of the artist serf. That is, the author believes that every serf artist during Shevchenko could go to St. Petersburg to enter the Academy of Fine Arts, then obtain their freedom, thanks to the royal family, which bought it from the pan, draw a number of “obscene “cartoons on the repayment of his empress (thus completing way” romantic period “) and be set for it in men? How many biographies of serf artists from Ukraine was in the days of Taras Grigorievich? In fact, one – Shevchenkovian. Because she entered the history of their uniqueness. Why pan Strukevich irresponsible way calls Shevchenko in the art of “characteristic of the artist-serf”? Characteristic of them was to carry out orders of his owner’s home, paint the rural church and die in obscurity. Otherwise I would Shevchenko strolled the streets of Petersburg is not a single copy, and crowds.
Unfortunately, the author of this textbook in general poor knowledge of the biography “national prophet.” On page 112 he argues that the central figures Cyril-Methodius Brotherhood “began M. Kostomarov, P. Kulish i Shevchenko.” And exactly three page wrote: “Material about membership Shevchenko fraternity not zbereglisya.
Anyone interested can ask where, then, Strukevich took information on the participation of Taras in this organization? And he took it, apparently, from a widespread Soviet myth, inherited modern Ukrainian mythology. For any materials on the “membership” in Kobzar Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood simply never existed in nature! Even the royal gendarmes were not found, highlighting the case Shevchenko in a separate section and condemning him for not participating in the underground society, and for poetry against the imperial family. Unequivocally denied any involvement Shevchenko to Cyril mefodievtsam in memoirs and their leader – Nick Kostomarov. But as for Shevchenko should have come up with a biography of a public figure and a revolutionary, as it never was, in Soviet times, from nothing invented the fable, which is still brainwashed students. Do not tell is that, according to members of the same Cyril-Methodius Society Andruzskogo available in the investigation, Shevchenko’s revelers recklessly all over Little Russia “and wrote” vulgar poetry, at a time when they developed the idea of underground Slavic federalism who had no way, any relation to the proletarian revolution, nor to the Ukrainian independence!
However, the author of the textbook and could make a contribution to the tale of Shevchenko. According to him, Taras “occupies the viznachennya national idea, Çì ³ ñò ³ a topical today: odnochasne ta national social liberation Ukrayinsky people.” First, I would like to show Strunkevich place in the artistic heritage Kobzar, where he found this gem. I am sure that will not find – Taras never written in the style of the classics of Marxism-Leninism. Secondly, if in his opinion, such an idea is relevant, it means that the Ukrainian people still remains in the national and social slavery, as the so-called “Square Ukraine” to all of us together with Strunkevichem and Ministry of Education, reproduce such nonsense only dream.
Authors of textbooks in general are not fluent in basic historical realities. The same Strunkevich, describing the Crimean War of 1853-1856. Broke out next sentiment: “Jak i in previous wars, Ukrainian shed their blood for sweat i alien imperial Russia’s interests … I stock Ukrayinsky, Poltava, Chernihiv, Zhytomyr, Podolski, Galician regiments i flotskih crews stench zahischali Sevastopol. A line of text below, he writes: “We know, scho deprivation on Poltava to militia entered 9,5 yew. volunteers. Living Volyn pozhertvuvali to consumers War 113 yew. rubles.
Tell me, where did these volunteers and donations, if the Ukrainians believed that fighting for the interests of others? Maybe then they still were patriots Russia Empire and they did not want the British fleet shelled Odessa and the Crimea was controlled by the Anglo-Franco-Turkish invaders? In addition, the Ukrainians were not only in Ukrainian, Chernigov or Galitsky shelves, but also in dozens of others. I understand where the author took it to the list. It seemed that Ukrainians should be in the shelves with the “Ukrainian” names. But Galitsky regiment of the Russian army is not called the so-called Galich in the current Western Ukraine, which was then composed of Austria, and in honor of the town of Galich in the Kostroma region. In addition, the presence of the “Ukrainian” name does not mean that the regiment was completed on the basis of nationality or standing in the city, whose name is. For example, Kiev Hussars stationed then under Chugueva, Lifeguard Volinskiy until the First World was in Warsaw. And the most “Ukrainian” on the composition of soldiers during the Crimean War were the shelves with a non-Ukrainian names: Selenge, Yakutsk, Okhotsk and Kamchatka. Here are some of their recruiting replenished mostly natives of Volyn.
Ilya Repin. “You’re wrong, considering my natural Ukrainians”
Apparently, the fact that the most famous painting in the Cossack theme – “The Cossacks writing a letter to Turkish Sultan” – does not belong to ethnic Ukrainians, and Russian painter Repin is haunted by the agency “antiobrazovaniya” Mr. Vakarchuk. Therefore, in the history textbook for the 9 th class of the outstanding painter in one fell swoop was driven in by the representatives of Ukrainian culture: “We develop the historic topics in Ukrainian art Zroby digit vnesok I apply. Repin.
An astonishing discovery! Drew Cossacks (who themselves, by the way, the Ukrainians themselves never called!) – Became a Ukrainian artist. Then he painted “Barge Haulers on the Volga” – and then leaned in Russian. And if Repin still battle with the Comanches American colonialists depicted? He would then be “valued vnesok” in the art of the Comanches did? Or the Americans?
Before the revolution, still a little more shy – even sharovarniki. Then they just spread rumors that the real name of Repin – Turnips. Repin even replied on this occasion one to his companion: “Turnips – this is wrong. Your friend wanted to make me Ukrainians. A criticism Stasov artist, commenting on these rumors, he wrote:” Concerning me, you’re wrong, except, perhaps, natural Ukrainians: my homeland – Chuguyiv, Kharkov province. This Russian town “… Conversation Repin with Stasov was published in 1949, but excerpts from it can be found later in the book Yu Belichko” Ukraine in the works of Repin. I think an enterprising Strukevich “ukrainiziroval” Repin’s only because not afraid of being caught by the arm.
“Universal Soldier”. Image Cossacks and Cossack on the map Boplana, XVII century.
In collaboration with Ivan Romaniuk and Tatiana Pirus same Alexei Strukevich composed another textbook – “History of Ukraine” for the 8 th grade. There is also a pearl in the pearl: “Ukrains’ke kozatstvo not enough individual armed services. Kozak buv universal warrior”. That’s what makes the fragile brain to influence pop culture! Will hear a man called the American film “Universal Soldier” and puts it anywhere. Not Cossacks have co-Romaniuk Pirus-Strukevich, and terminators any! All can, all they can. It is not clear just why so many wars, lost in its universality and why of history textbooks are not written, fighting with the darkness of ignorance?
And the paragraph below, the same authors write: “strike force Cossack troops became infantry … easy vikoristovuvalas jak auxiliary cavalry troops” … So, then, was still a kind of Cossack troops?
And how can they not be! That any military historian knows. For example, on the eve of the uprising Khmelnitskogo Registered Cossacks consisted of six infantry regiments. Is their composition, location, weapons. But with the cavalry was a serious deficit. That is why I had to ask the Crimean Tatars to send cavalry Tugay Bey.
And the Cossacks were not quite so “universal”. The lack of heavy cavalry was their weak point in all wars. A Cossack light cavalry nobody even seriously perceived. As wrote Boplan: “on horseback, they do not the best. I remember how about two hundred Polish riders forced to run two thousand of their best warriors.
But most importantly, that the authors simply engaged in counterfeiting. On page 119 they have such a statement: “The historical fact. Bohdan Khmelnytsky swear dotrimuvatisya Zboriv contract, and sit on the tops of the horses.
This is not only not a fact. It’s just fiction. According to the 2-th and 3 rd paragraphs of the Treaty on Khmelnitsky, he had to “ask the Polish king for forgiveness on his knees at the royal feet” and “as polsky gentleman swear Rzeczpospolita”. What has been done, writes in his book “History of the War of the Cossacks against Poland” contemporary events, Pierre Chevalier: “At this performance the Cossack Hetman pribuv to king i KIND knees, vigolosiv zi tears at the sight of Velika promovu, to bring, scho he preferred bi z’yavitis to the King for winning a commendation for yakus valued service to His Majesty the Commonwealth ta … against, seemed he, as the share otherwise judged, he implores caress ta r all conquer request for probachennya their past fault, which he promises vipraviti their behavior in the future.
Book Chevalier circulation 30 000 copies were published in Ukrainian in Kiev in 1993. Then, still lying less. But at this scandalous incidents in current textbooks do not stop!
Disgraceful from Minobraza. School course of history it’s time to rename the “Lzheistoriyu Ukraine
There is no dispute that the textbooks should be an educational message and teach students the spirit of patriotism. But why the Ministry of Education of Ukraine believes that the country needs a fool who can not think, full of false fabrications patriot? Is such a “product” of education will be able to defend the interests of the country to respond to these challenges, rather than bookish enemies in the form of the notorious “Muscovites”? However, when reading modern textbooks impression that the purpose of our education system is not a good citizen, and zombies.
The history of any nation is full of not only victories but also painful failures. This applies to all. Even the world’s great powers. Severe trauma to the Russian national consciousness was the defeat of her fleet at Tsushima in 1905. What a terrible shame the French embraced almost immediate defeat of their army of Hitler’s Wehrmacht in 1940. The tragedy of Pearl Harbor, when a few hours died polflota the US, still the most urgent topic for historical research in this country. The Americans want to know: why neither the president nor the command failed to foresee the surprise attack the Japanese? They are looking for the truth and convey it, even to schoolchildren. But do not tell obvious lies and does not juggle with facts.
No matter how hated the Bolsheviks were the pre-revolutionary tsarist regime, but in their textbooks, they did not claim that the war with Napoleon in 1812 was lost, but the landowners were eating lunch meat serfs. They called Bloody Nicholas II, but, at least, had not dissolved the tales that the king personally beat the kidneys boot Lenin and Trotsky in the cellars of the Winter Palace and, together with Prime Minister Stolypin raised to the rack of the young Felix Dzerzhinsky .
And in the Ukrainian textbooks lzhefakty molded easily, as dumplings – scooped up a spoonful of dough, tossed in boiling water, and you’re done! How else to explain the causes of defeats “universal” soldier, what for eighth-graders represent the same Zaporozhye Cossacks? For example, any historian knows that in the battle near the town Berestechko in 1651, the Federal Tatar horde of Cossacks began to run after the Poles repulsed the attack of a hail of gunfire. But it is not satisfied with the authors of the textbook, and they write: “The historical fact. Sered historians existed Dumka, scho Tatari retreated pid onslaught of artillery. However, jak viyavilosya, zhodnogo squally shelling Tatar cavalry not Bulo. Ordyntsi stood for pagorbom . AW its top of the battle watched han zi its sharpened. W Polish parties towards Khan rates Bulo done lishe one shot. Retreat Tatars students explain the fact that Islam Giray Khan left the battlefield “for secret agreement” with the Polish King Jan Kazimierz.
This allows you to drive in the children’s heads the idea that the brave Ukrainian Cossacks lost just because the victim of another “zradu” unsavory strangers. But the Crimean Tatars today, too, citizens of Ukraine. Any Tatar student, after reading this passage in the textbook, hardly imbued with love for the state whose interests are supposedly protected pseudo-historians. Schoolboy asked: why to Strukevicha, Romaniuk and Pirus believed that Khan retreated under the pressure of artillery? And where they got their “historical fact, if you do not refer to any source?
For his new book of Bohdan Khmelnytsky, which I’m working, I had a lot of literature about perelopatit Berestechko. All contemporaries and eyewitnesses say it was the shelling of the Tatars! This Pierre Chevalier wrote in “History of the War of the Cossacks against Poland, the first edition which came out in 1663:” King fought to move forward against the main force of the Tartars … moving in front of the artillery, which, under the command of General Przhiemskogo shot very much in time and with great success, forced the Tatars to leave the foot of the hill and gradually took over his top.
The same information is given and a member of a noble battle Stanislav Auschwitz, who left the most complete description of the battle of Berestechko in his famous diary: “The King of middle body moving forward in a big way, it came down large sections of the Tatars, publishing, according to his custom, a loud cry: “Allah! Allah! “Ahead of the regiments of the royal guards were placed cannons, which are very skillfully managed the general artillery Sigismund Przhiemsky; gunners, working tirelessly best shot, before the enemy confused and caused him to be so sensitive loss, that he was not able to withstand our onslaught, and Finally, shamefully fled, all of Tartar horsemen, as if blinded, ran “…
Whence, then, the textbook writers have borrowed an invention of the secret agreement of the Polish king and the Tatar khan? Are they fought under Berestechko, being as scouts Minobraza and personally his head Vakarchuk in the rate of the Polish king, and can now tell you something new?
I specially dwell on this glaring example to show how the souls of our children korezhat officials, forcing them to repeat after a “good” assessment of the apparent lies. And, besides, just stir up the bad feelings between the current Tatars and Ukrainians – the descendants of participants of the battle at Berestechko. Even one of the few examples of the Ukrainian-Tatar partnership managed to distort beyond recognition and drive a wedge in the international relations of the two peoples.
But I could simply say that the Ukrainian-Tatar army lost because it was less organized than the Polish army, and inferior to him in artillery weapons that do not take into account the Bogdan Khmelnitsky and Islam Giray, leaving their men in a frontal attack. One example would be shown and the importance of modern technology for the victory, and proper “management”. Because, and Hetman, and Khan were in that situation is not the best generals. That would be true, which would remain in the minds of pupils as a warning, his fears for the future of possible errors. And these students would have been a lot – a whole generation, which no one would call lost. After all, it knew would be: for victory is needed and the development potential of the country, is not possible without the combined efforts and leadership shown by competent leader.
Wrong in the books and maps. For many years, at least since 2001, our students are studying “the recent history of Ukraine” for the 10 th grade textbook FG Turchenko. This is not the worst book on faktazhu. However, the 5 th page, it has a map of “Ukrainian land on cob XX st .. It marked the state border of Ukraine and its so-called” ethnic cordon “almost everywhere considerably surpassing them. The student the impression that his country is something sustained a loss. In this part of the ethnic boundaries for some reason included the Crimea, although all knew that is the territory of the former Crimean Khanate. The Ukrainians were able to settle there as free men only after Catherine II annexed the peninsula in Russia Empire. But even today, representatives of the Ukrainian ethnos do not constitute a majority there – the peninsula is mainly inhabited by the same old Tatar and Russian. Everyone remembers that the USSR he was given only for the Khrushchev era, and even today has the status of autonomy. The result was the same incident, as with books in French history, colonial period. They were united for the whole empire, and children in Congo, as in Paris, had to grind: “Our ancestors – the Gauls . “Why Turchenko, according to this logic, not included in the” ethnic cordon “of Ukraine to Canada, where the Ukrainians more than in the Crimea, and then simply declare Crimea” Ukrainian native land “?
Sometimes it is just a shame for cheap tricks resorted to by today’s professionals zamorachivaniyu goals. There is a Doctor of Geographical Sciences Rostislav Sossa, with whom I was “lucky enough” to meet last year at the Frankfurt Book Fair, where I arrived as a writer, and he – as the director of the state scientific-production enterprise “Cartography . Sossa wrote a textbook for high schools “History of mapping the territory of Ukraine. Nothing particularly outstanding, this thick volume, approved by the Ministry of Education, is no different, except that it maps Russia renamed cards … Muscovy.
This was done apparently to please the savage myth, as if to Peter I Russia was called Muscovy, and he renamed it, by adopting in 1721 the title of emperor. How is this story so cherishes her fans, I understand. Abandoning the old self-Rus, they go mad, that it has retained the contiguous states, together with the cycle of epics of Kiev and the grand traditions of statehood.
But the sources and the maps say that Russia called Russia, and long before Peter. Dr. Sossa published in his textbook, two Western European maps – 1613 and 1633 years. And both of them in the same sign: “Map of Muscovy. But the images themselves rather large maps, and their cartouches can clearly read the unloved Rostislav Ivanovich true word« Russia ». Why, then, to resort to a submenu, if they can detect any sighted student? How could then apply to such “doctors”? What are their degrees? And what they are trying to “cure”?
As if treated Ukrainian, though with the blessing of the Ministry of Education of Russia was printed textbook, in which maps of Ukraine would be called “maps Hohlyandii”? He would have been outraged, and rightly so. Why do some Sossa thinks that he will not cause its “professional” work of the same reaction among Russians and a huge community of Russian in Ukraine itself, which has more than 10 million people? After all, every knows that Muscovy – a vernacular, disparaging name. And if the original card itself is «Russia», a scientist and should call it in interlinear explanation. Especially in the Ukrainian language is the word “Russia.
Austrians repress Galicia, but in these photos are no textbooks
Inaccuracies in textbooks much! Same Turchenko on page 36 “enlighten” tenth: “The occupation of Galicia by Russian troops in 1914 – on the soil. 1915 pp. Suprovodzhuvalas such rozmahom anti-Ukrainian hysteria i such magnitude repression Seafight Jackpot Ukrainians, scho tse viklikalo oburennya have vsomu civilized world.
It would be good if the author has given the real facts of repression. Alas, in his statement only emotions. Repression in Galicia carried out a completely different side in the war – Austria-Hungary. And the brutal repression! That she covered Prykarpattya gallows and executions of those suspected of sympathizing with Russia local residents, and established two concentration camps – Talerhof and Terezin, which drove the Galician-Ruthenian consider themselves Russian or sympathizers of the policy of the tsarist government. Can be compared with these victims that the Metropolitan Sheptitsky was taken to a Russian monastery and then in 1917 in the midst of war, whole and healthy again returned to Galicia? There are plenty of pictures, where the Austrian soldiers hanging Galicia. But the documents, which would be the same Russian army worked, not in the nature – the army, in which every fourth was Ukrainians, this is not allowed.
Inaccurate textbook Turchenko and in the description of many events of the civil war. He claims that in action Petlurites and Getmantsev Motovilovka a significant part of the past were “the Russian officer squads. And there was only one squad – Kyivlyanyn Colonel Svyatopolk-Mirsky. To combat Makhno Denikin, in the opinion Turchenko, threw” his best troops ” , but it’s just pathos: the best troops of white – the so-called “colored division” at this time were advancing on Moscow. Speaking about the conflict Petlyura and white for Kiev in August 1919, the author persistently calls Galicia army of the Ukrainian Galician Army. However, since it will be called only after the transition to the side of whites, as there are no words.
And it’s still not the worst of the current books! At least its creator had enough conscience to write that “ideological ambush OUN Mali totalitarian character”, as it was in reality. But more offensive than many lyapy, who during long years of reprints should be addressed.
The conclusion is the same: the Ministry of Education huge circulations at taxpayers’ expense, that is us, replicates the guise of history textbooks hack and lie. Hence, an urgent need to change and the Minister, and the system itself, while in Ukraine still have a grain of common sense.
Oles Buzina
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